02/09/2026
Google Earth image of Hardknott Roman Fort in the Lake District, Cumbria, England, and below, a lidar image.
Hardknott (Mediobogdum) is one of the highest and most remote Roman forts in England. Built over rough and uneven ground in the mountains, very little of the site is flat.
Roman forts had parade grounds for military exercises, training, and ceremonial displays. You can see on the lidar image a large flat area of land in the top right-hand corner, to the northeast of the fort. This is almost certainly the parade ground, and the Romans moved an estimated 5,000 cubic metres of stone and earth to level it.
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📷 Google Earth
📷 3D model from enhanced LIDAR (DSM, 1m) © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2022. All rights reserved. Vertical exaggeration x1.
Enhancement of the LIDAR was carried out using tools made available in the QGIS plugin, Relief Visualization Toolbox. Kokalj, Žiga & Hesse, Ralf. (2017). Airborne laser scanning raster data visualization: A Guide to Good Practice.